广东省湿地保护条例
广东省人大常委会
广东省湿地保护条例
（2006年6月1日广东省第十届人民代表大会常务委员会第二十五次会议通过 2006年6月1日公布 自2006年9月1日起施行）
第一条 为加强湿地资源的保护和管理，改善生态状况，维护生态平衡，实现人与自然和谐，促进经济社会可持续发展，根据有关法律法规的规定，结合本省实际，制定本条例。
第二条 本省行政区域内从事湿地保护和管理等活动，适用本条例。
第三条 湿地是指天然或者人工的，永久或者暂时的沼泽地、泥炭地、水域地带，带有静止或者流动、淡水或者半咸水及咸水水体，包括低潮时水深不超过六米的海水区。
湿地资源是指湿地及依附湿地栖息、繁衍、生存的野生动物资源和红树林等植物资源。
第四条 湿地保护管理坚持全面保护，突出重点，可持续发展的原则。
第五条 各级人民政府应当依法履行职责，做好湿地保护工作。
湿地保护实行综合协调、分部门实施的管理体制。
各级林业、农业、水、国土资源、建设、环境保护、海洋与渔业等行政主管部门按照各自的职责，做好湿地保护管理工作。
各级林业行政主管部门负责湿地保护的组织协调工作。
第六条 省人民政府应当制定全省湿地保护规划，并纳入全省国民经济和社会发展规划。
县级以上人民政府应当根据全省湿地保护规划，制定本地区湿地保护规划，纳入当地国民经济和社会发展规划，并向社会公布。
湿地保护规划的编制和修订应当与土地利用总体规划、环境保护规划、海洋功能区划相衔接，确保湿地资源能够得到有效的保护和恢复；做到水资源利用与湿地保护紧密结合，充分兼顾湿地保护等生态用水的需要。
第七条 县级以上人民政府应当采取经济、技术政策和措施保护湿地资源。
第八条 省人民政府应当建立重点湿地评审制度。
县级以上人民政府应当组织有关部门定期开展对湿地资源的调查，监测湿地资源变化情况，建立湿地管理档案制度和湿地保护管理的信息交流制度。
第九条 县级以上人民政府应当按照国家规定做好湿地登记、确权、发证等工作，为湿地保护和管理提供依据。
第十条 县级以上人民政府应当定期对本行政区域内湿地保护管理工作进行监督检查，并建立健全检查、考核、通报和奖惩制度。
第十一条 各级人民政府应当加强对湿地保护的宣传工作，于每年2月2日“世界湿地日”开展系列宣传活动，提高公民保护湿地的意识。
各级人民政府应当支持开展湿地资源保护的科学研究、社区教育和国内外交流与合作。
第十二条 公民、法人和其他组织都有保护湿地资源的义务。任何组织和个人不得破坏、侵占或者非法转让湿地。任何组织和个人对破坏、侵占湿地资源的行为有检举或者控告的权利。
鼓励公民、法人和其他组织捐资保护湿地。
第十三条 属下列情形之一的，县级以上人民政府应当建立湿地自然保护区：
（一）代表不同类型的典型天然湿地生态系统的湿地；
（二）具有生物多样性丰富特征或者珍稀、濒危野生生物物种集中分布的湿地；
（三）水禽的主要繁殖地、栖息地，以及迁徙路线上的主要停歇地；
（四）对水栖动物的洄游、繁殖有典型或者重要意义的湿地；
（五）其他具有特殊保护意义、重要生态价值、经济价值或者重大科学文化价值的湿地。
对不具备条件建立自然保护区的，应当因地制宜，采取建立湿地保护小区、湿地多用途管理区或者划定野生动植物栖息地和原生地等多种形式加强保护管理。
第十四条 湿地生态景观优美、生物多样性丰富、人文景物集中、科普宣传教育意义明显的区域，经县级以上人民政府批准，可以建立湿地公园。
第十五条 涉及区域生态安全和生物多样性保护的重要湿地生态系统，属下列情形之一的为重点湿地：
（一）列入国际重要湿地和国家重要湿地名录的；
（二）列为自然保护区的；
（三）依法建立的湿地公园、湿地保护小区或者野生动植物主要栖息地和原生地；
（四）国家以及省人民政府确定的其他重点湿地。
列入重点湿地的，由省林业行政主管部门定期向社会公布。
第十六条 禁止在湿地范围内从事下列活动：
（一）破坏鱼类等水生生物洄游通道，采用炸鱼、毒鱼等灭绝性方式捕捞鱼类及其他水生生物；
（二）破坏野生动植物的重要繁殖区、栖息地和原生地；
（三）排放污水或者有毒有害物质，投放可能危害水体、水生及湿生生物的化学物品或者倾倒固体废弃物；
（四）其他破坏湿地资源的行为。
第十七条 禁止非法在湿地范围内从事下列活动：
（一）围（开）垦、填埋湿地；
（二）挖塘、采砂、取土、烧荒；
（三）排放湿地水资源，或者修建阻水、排水设施；
（四）采伐林木，采集国家或者省重点保护的野生植物；
（五）猎捕保护的野生动物或者捡拾鸟蛋。
第十八条 禁止任何单位和个人非法占用或者征用重点湿地范围内的湿地。
因国家和省重点建设项目需要占用或者征用重点湿地的，应当经省人民政府同意，并按照占补平衡的原则，在湿地保护有关部门指定的地点恢复同等面积和功能的湿地。
凡是列入国际重要湿地和国家重要湿地名录以及位于自然保护区内的天然湿地，禁止开垦、占用或者擅自改变用途。
第十九条 沿海地区各级人民政府应当采取措施保护和恢复红树林，依照有关法律法规的规定，做好红树林、红树林地的确权发证工作。滩涂划入生态公益林规划区和划为红树林、鸟类自然保护区的，各级林业行政主管部门应当加强保护管理和监督工作。
第二十条 禁止非法移植、采伐、采摘红树林和其他毁坏红树林的行为。因科研、医药或者更新、改造、抚育等需要移植、采伐、采摘红树林的，应当报经省林业行政主管部门同意。
因国家和省重点建设项目需要占用或者征用红树林地的，按照有关法律法规办理。
第二十一条 实行湿地生态效益补偿制度。因湿地保护需要使湿地资源所有者、使用者的合法权益受到损害的，政府应当给予补偿，并对其生产、生活作出妥善安排。
第二十二条 违反本条例规定，有下列行为之一的，由县级以上湿地保护有关部门责令停止破坏湿地的行为，限期恢复原状，并视情节轻重予以罚款；有违法所得的，没收违法所得；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：
（一）擅自围（开）垦、填埋湿地的，处每平方米二十元至三十元的罚款。
（二）擅自在湿地范围内挖塘、采砂、取土、烧荒的，处三百元以上五百元以下罚款；造成严重后果的，处五千元以上一万元以下罚款。
（三）擅自排放湿地水资源、修建阻水或者排水设施的，处三千元以上五千元以下罚款；造成严重后果的，处一万元以上五万元以下罚款。
（四）非法占用、征用重点湿地的，处每平方米二十元至三十元的罚款。
（五）开垦、占用列入国际重要湿地、国家重要湿地名录以及位于自然保护区内的天然湿地，或者擅自改变其用途的，处每平方米二十元至三十元的罚款。
（六）擅自移植、采伐、采摘红树林的，处一千元以上三千元以下罚款；造成严重后果的，处一万元以上五万元以下罚款；非法占用、征用红树林地的，处每平方米二十元至三十元的罚款。
前款规定的责令限期恢复，当事人拒不恢复湿地或者恢复湿地不符合国家有关规定的，由县级以上湿地保护有关部门组织代为恢复，所需的湿地恢复费由当事人承担。
林业、农业、水、国土资源、建设、环境保护、海洋与渔业等湿地保护有关部门，可以在其法定权限内，委托自然保护区管理机构实施行政处罚。
第二十三条 湿地保护有关部门的工作人员玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊，依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第二十四条 湿地公园管理、湿地生态效益补偿制度、重点湿地评审制度等，由省人民政府制定具体办法。
第二十五条 本条例自2006年9月1日起施行。
外商投资开发经营成片土地暂行管理办法(附英文)
国务院
外商投资开发经营成片土地暂行管理办法(附英文)
1990年5月19日，国务院
第一条 为了吸收外商投资从事开发经营成片土地（以下简称成片开发），以加强公用设施建设，改善投资环境，引进外商投资先进技术企业和产品出口企业，发展外向型经济，制定本办法。
第二条 本办法所称成片开发是指：在取得国有土地使用权后，依照规划对土地进行综合性的开发建设，平整场地、建设供排水、供电、供热、道路交通、通信等公用设施，形成工业用地和其他建设用地条件，然后进行转让土地使用权、经营公用事业；或者进而建设通用工业厂房以及相配套的生产和生活服务设施等地面建筑物，并对这些地面建筑物从事转让或出租的经营活动。
成片开发应确定明确的开发目标，应有明确意向的利用开发后土地的建设项目。
第三条 吸收外商投资进行成片开发的项目，应由市、县人民政府组织编制成片开发项目建议书（或初步可行性研究报告，下同）。
使用耕地一千亩以下、其他土地二千亩以下，综合开发投资额在省、自治区、直辖市人民政府（包括经济特区人民政府或者管理委员会，下同）审批权限内的成片开发项目，其项目建议书应报省、自治区、直辖市人民政府审批。
使用耕地超过一千亩、其他土地超过二千亩，或者综合开发投资额超过省、自治区、直辖市人民政府审批权限的成片开发项目，其项目建议书应经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府报国家计划委员会审核和综合平衡后，由国务院审批。
第四条 外商投资成片开发，应分别依照《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国中外合作经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国外资企业法》的规定，成立从事开发经营的中外合资经营企业，或者中外合作经营企业，或者外资企业（以下简称开发企业）。
开发企业受中国法律的管辖和保护，其一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国的法律、法规。
开发企业依法自主经营管理，但在其开发区域内没有行政管理权。开发企业与其他企业的关系是商务关系。
国家鼓励国营企业以国有土地使用权作为投资或合作条件，与外商组成开发企业。
第五条 开发企业应依法取得开发区域的国有土地使用权。
开发区域所在的市、县人民政府向开发企业出让国有土地使用权，应依照国家土地管理的法律和行政法规，合理确定地块范围、用途、年限、出让金和其他条件，签订国有土地使用权出让合同，并按出让国有土地使用权的审批权限报经批准。
第六条 国有土地使用权出让后，其地下资源和埋藏物仍属于国家所有。如需开发利用，应依照国家有关法律和行政法规管理。
第七条 开发企业应编制成片开发规划或者可行性研究报告，明确规定开发建设的总目标和分期目标，实施开发的具体内容和要求，以及开发后土地利用方案等。
成片开发规划或者可行性研究报告，经市、县人民政府审核后，报省、自治区、直辖市人民政府审批。审批机关应就有关公用设施建设和经营，组织有关主管部门协调。
第八条 开发区域在城市规划区范围内的，各项开发建设必须符合城市规划要求，服从规划管理。
开发区域的各项建设，必须符合国家环境保护的法律、行政法规和标准。
第九条 开发企业必须在实施成片开发规划，并达到出让国有土地使用权合同规定的条件后，方可转让国有土地使用权。开发企业未按照出让国有土地使用权合同规定的条件和成片开发规划的要求投资开发土地的，不得转让国有土地使用权。
开发企业和其他企业转让国有土地使用权，或者抵押国有土地使用权，以及国有土地使用权终止，应依照国家土地管理的法律和行政法规办理。
第十条 开发企业可以吸引投资者到开发区域投资，受让国有土地使用权，举办企业。外商投资企业应分别依照《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国中外合作经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国外资企业法》的规定成立。
在开发区域举办企业，应符合国家有关投资产业政策的要求。国家鼓励举办先进技术企业和产品出口企业。
第十一条 开发区域的邮电通信事业，由邮电部门统一规划、建设与经营。也可以经省、自治区、直辖市邮电主管部门批准，由开发企业投资建设，或者开发企业与邮电部门合资建设通信设施，建成后移交邮电部门经营，并根据双方签订的合同，对开发企业给予经济补偿。
第十二条 开发企业投资建设区域内自备电站、热力站、水厂等生产性公用设施的，可以经营开发区域内的供电、供水、供热等业务，也可以交地方公用事业企业经营。公用设施能力有富余，需要供应区域外，或者需要与区域外设施联网运行的，开发企业应与地方公用事业企业按国家有关规定签订合同，按合同规定的条件经营。
开发区域接引区域外水、电等资源的，应由地方公用事业企业经营。
第十三条 开发区域地块范围涉及海岸港湾或者江河建港区段的，岸线由国家统一规划和管理。开发企业可以按照国家交通主管部门的统一规划建设和经营专用港区和码头。
第十四条 开发区域内不得从事国家法律和行政法规禁止的经营活动和社会活动。
第十五条 以举办出口加工企业为主的开发区域，需要在进出口管理、海关管理等方面采取特殊管理措施的，应报经国务院批准，由国家有关主管部门制定具体管理办法。
第十六条 开发区域的行政管理、司法管理、口岸管理、海关管理等，分别由国家有关主管部门、所在的地方人民政府和有管辖权的司法机关组织实施。
第十七条 香港、澳门、台湾地区的公司、企业和其他经济组织或者个人投资从事成片开发，参照本办法执行。
第十八条 本办法自发布之日起在经济特区、沿海开放城市和沿海经济开放区范围内施行。
INTERIM MEASURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE FOREIGN-INVESTEDDEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF TRACTS OF LAND
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
INTERIM MEASURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE FOREIGN-INVESTED
DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF TRACTS OF LAND
(Promulgated by Decree No. 56 of the State Council of the People's
Republic of China on May 19, 1990 and effective as of the date of
promulgation)
Article 1
These Measures are formulated for the purpose of attracting foreign
investment for the development and management of tracts of land
(hereinafter referred to as "tract development") so as to intensify the
construction of public works, improve the environment for investment,
introduce foreign-invested technically advanced enterprises and export-
oriented enterprises and develop the export-oriented economy.
Article 2
The term "tract development" as used in these Measures means that after
obtaining the right to the use of state-owned land, the investors shall
carry out, as planned, comprehensive development and construction on the
land, including levelling the ground and constructing such public works as
water supply and drainage systems, power and heat supply systems, roads
and communications networks, and communications facilities, so that
conditions shall be created for the land to be used for industrial or
other construction purposes. The investor shall then transfer the right to
the use of the land for operating public utilities, or proceed to
construct such above-ground buildings as industrial houses and the
supporting facilities for production and everyday life services and engage
in the business activities of transferring or leasing these above-ground
buildings.
Definite development targets shall be specified for tract development and
there shall be definite construction projects that are intended to make
use of the developed land.
Article 3
With respect to a project to attract foreign investment for tract
development, the municipal or county people's government shall organize
the drawing up of a tract development project proposal (or a feasibility
study report, the same hereinafter). With respect to a tract development
project which is to make use of 1,000 mu or less of arable land or 2,000
mu or less of other land and whose amount of investment for comprehensive
development falls within the limits of powers for examination and approval
of the people's government of the province, autonomous region or
municipality directly under the Central Government (including the people's
government or administrative committee of a special economic zone, the
same hereinafter), the project proposal shall be submitted to the people's
government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly
under the Central Government for examination and approval. With respect
to a tract development project which is to make use of more than 1,000 mu
of arable land or more than 2,000 mu of other land and whose amount of
investment for comprehensive development exceeds the limits of powers for
examination and approval of the people's government of the province,
autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government,
the project proposal shall be submitted, through the people's government
of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the
Central Government, to the State Planning Commission for examination,
verification and overall balancing and then to the State Council of the
People's Republic of China for examination and approval.
Article 4
Foreign investors who intend to invest for tract development shall, in
accordance with the respective provisions of the Law of the People's
Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, the Law of the
People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures
and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign-Capital
Enterprises, form a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture, or a Chinese-
foreign contractual joint venture or a foreign-capital enterprise
(hereinafter referred to as a "development enterprise") to engage in the
development and management of the tract of land.
Development enterprises shall be governed and protected by the law of
China and all their activities shall abide by the laws and regulations of
the People's Republic of China. Development enterprises shall have the
right to act on their own in business operations and management in
accordance with the law, but they shall have no administrative power in
their development areas. The relationship between a development enterprise
and other enterprises shall be of a commercial nature.
The State encourages the state-owned enterprises to form development
enterprises with foreign investors by using the right to the use of state-
owned land as investment or condition of co-operation.
Article 5
Development enterprises shall obtain the right to the use of the state-
owned land in their development areas in accordance with the Law.
In assigning the right to the use of State-owned land to a development
enterprise, the people's government of the municipality or county where
the development area is located shall, in accordance with the laws and
administrative rules and regulations of the State on the administration of
land, rationally specify the bounds of the tract of land, the purpose of
its use, the term of assignment, the assignment fee and other conditions,
sign a contract for assigning the State-owned land and submit it for
approval in accordance with the limits of powers for examination and
approval with respect to the assignment of the right to the use of State-
owned land.
Article 6
After the right to the use of State-owned land has been assigned, the
resources and objects buried thereunder shall continue to be owned by the
State. If it is necessary to exploit and utilize them, the exploitation
and utilization shall be administered in accordance with the pertinent
laws and administrative rules and regulations of the State.
Article 7
A development enterprise shall draw up a tract development plan or a
feasibility study report which shall specify the overall targets and
respective targets for different stages, the specific details and
requirements in the actual development, and the plan to utilize the
developed land.
The tract development plan or feasibility study report shall, after
examination and verification by the municipal or county people's
government, be submitted to the people's government of the province,
autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government
for examination and approval. The examining and approving authorities
shall organize the competent authorities concerned to provide co-
ordination concerning the construction and management of the relevant
public works.
Article 8
If the development area is within the limits of a planned urban area, the
various items of development and construction shall be in conformity with
the requirements of city planning and be submitted to the administration
of the planning.
The various items of construction in a development area shall be in
conformity with the laws, administrative rules and regulations and
standards of the State concerning environmental protection.
Article 9
A development enterprise may transfer the right to the use of the state-
owned land only after it has carried out the plan of tract development and
satisfied all the conditions prescribed in the contract for assigning the
right to the use of the state-owned land. No development enterprise that
fails to invest for the development of the land in accordance with the
conditions prescribed in the contract for assigning the right to the use
of the state-owned land and the requirements of the plan for tract
development may transfer the right to the use of the state-owned land.
The transfer or mortgage of the right to the use of state-owned land by
development enterprises and other enterprises, and the termination of the
right to the use of state-owned land shall be handled in accordance with
the laws and administrative rules and regulations of the State on the
administration of land.
Article 10
A development enterprise may attract investors to the development area to
make investment, accept the transferred right to the use of state-owned
land and launch enterprises. Enterprises with foreign investment shall be
established in accordance with the respective provisions of the Law of the
People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, the
Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint
Ventures and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign-Capital
Enterprises.
The launching of enterprises in the development areas shall be in
conformity with the State policy concerning the investment in industries.
The State encourages the launching of technically advanced enterprises and
export-oriented enterprises.
Article 11
The postal and communication undertakings in the development areas shall
be placed under the unified planning, construction and management of the
postal department. Or they may, with the approval of the province,
autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government,
be constructed with investment by a development enterprise; or the
development enterprise and the postal department may pool their investment
for the construction of communications facilities, which, in either case,
shall be transferred, after completion, to the postal department for
operation, with financial compensation to be given to the development
enterprise in accordance with the contract signed between the two parties.
Article 12
Development enterprises that invest in public utilities of their own such
as power stations, heat stations and water plants within the development
area may operate the business of power, water and heat supplies within the
development area or hand them over to the local enterprises of public
utilities for operation. If the capacity of the public utilities is in
surplus, which renders it necessary to be supplied to places outside the
development area or to be connected to a network outside the development
area for operation, the development enterprise shall sign a contract with
the local enterprises of public utilities in accordance with the pertinent
provisions of the State and operate in accordance with the conditions
prescribed in the contract. If it is necessary for a development area to
use water and power resources from outside, the business thereof shall be
operated by the local enterprises of public utilities.
Article 13
If a development area covers a coastal port or bay, or a river port
sector, the coastline or riverside line shall be placed under the unified
planning and administration of the State. The development enterprise may
construct and operate a special port area and wharf in accordance with the
unified planning of the competent state communication authorities.
Article 14
No business activities or social activities that are banned by the laws
and administrative rules and regulations of the State may be engaged
within the development areas.
Article 15
If special administrative measures are required in respect of import and
export administration and Customs administration for a development area
which is mainly intended for the operation of export processing
enterprises, these shall be submitted to the State Council of the People's
Republic of China for approval and specific measures of administration
shall be formulated by the competent authorities of the State.
Article 16
The general administration, judicial administration, port administration
and Customs administration in a development area shall be organized and
exercised respectively by the competent authorities of the State, the
people's government of the locality where the development area is
situated, and the judicial organs that have jurisdiction.
Article 17
Tract development with investment by firms, enterprises and other economic
organizations or individuals from the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and
Taiwan shall be governed with reference to these Measures.
Article 18
These Measures shall be put into effect within the limits of the specific
economic zones, the open coastal cities and the open coastal economic
zones as of the date of promulgation.
